Online configuration Oracle DataGuard 11.2.0.4.0 with oracle linux 6.10

2021-03-08

Online configuration Oracle DataGuard 11.2.0.4.0 with oracle linux 6.10

11gR2搭建dataguard环境，此篇文章是利用rman搭建dataguard，这样的好处是primary不用停机，当然，前提条件是primary已经开启归档。
在primary搭建数据库软件，建立lsnrctl监听，采用dbca搭建实例，在standby上搭建数据库软件，建立监听，但是不需要采用dbca建立实例。
相对于可以停机，零停机传送数据文件的方式，不能冷备然后拷贝数据文件，只能利用rman技术备份，并恢复至standby中，当然rman备份恢复我只用了最简单的一种，一条命令备份，两条命令恢复。

环境信息介绍：
primary（正在运行，已经开启归档，可正常交易）：
OS：OEL6.10
database：11.2.0.4.0
hostname：node150
172.16.1.150
ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
db_unique_name=orcl

standby（装好database软件,建立监听，没有创建数据库）：
OS：OEL6.10
database：11.2.0.4.0
hostname：node151
172.16.1.151
ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
db_unique_name=orcldg

两边oracle用户的环境变量：
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

1. primary已经处于归档状态（归档目录/u01/arch），然后打开force logging:
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 24
Next log sequence to archive 26
Current log sequence 26
SQL>alter database force logging;

2. 配置listener与tnsnames，然后传至standby
（primary可以是动态监听，但是standby需要静态监听，因为动态监听需要数据库启动至mount状态才能监听得到。standby目前只有软件，没有实例，所以动态监听无法向外提供服务，以至于primary无法连接至standby的库，导致无法测试连通性，并向向standby传递归档）
node150
listner.ora:

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node150)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

node151:
listner.ora:
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)

(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node151)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

node150,node151 tnsnames.ora文件一样
tnsnames.ora:
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.1.150)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

orcldg =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.1.151)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

3.两边打开监听
lsnrctl start
测试tnsnames.ora配置是否正确：
tnsping orcl
tnsping orcldg

此时可以测试两边是否连通
sqlplus sys/oracle@orcl as sysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@orcldg as sysdba

4.配置primary参数，并添加standby logfile,以用来将来主备切换,standby logfile要比redo多一个组
此时的primary参数文件，里面没有相关dg的参数。
sql>create pfile='/tmp/pfile.ora' from spfile;
cat /tmp/pfile.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=318767104
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=12582912
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=314572800
orcl.__sga_target=465567744
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=117440512
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=780140544
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
运行如下命令：具体参数含义在文章最后的附录表中，也可以查询官方文档，解释的更详细。
（不用设置primary的db_unique_name,默认就有）
alter system set log_archive_config= 'DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg)';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2= 'SERVICE=orcldg LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1 = enable;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = enable;
alter system set fal_server=orcldg;
alter system set fal_client=orcl;
alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO;
添加standby redo：
alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby04.log')size 50m, group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby05.log')size 50m, group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby06.log')size 50m, group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby07.log')size 50m;

5.创建standby controlfile、pfile
alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/app/oracle/control01.ctl';
create pfile from spfile;

6.利用rman备份primary，做全备即可
[root@node150 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/backup
[root@node150 ~]# chown oracle.oinstall /u01/backup
rman target /
backup database format '/u01/backup/full_%U';

配置SSH免密码登录
为oracle用户配置SSH：
生成用户的公匙和私匙，在每个节点上：
node150:
[root@node150 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@node150 ~]# mkdir ~/.ssh
[oracle@node150 ~]#cd ~/.ssh
[oracle@node150 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[oracle@node150 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa
node151:
[root@node151 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@node151 ~]# mkdir ~/.ssh
[oracle@node151 ~]#cd ~/.ssh
[oracle@node151 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[oracle@node151 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa
在节点1 上，把所有节点的authorized_keys文件合成一个，再用这个文件覆盖各个节点.ssh 下的同名文件：
[oracle@node150 ~]# touch authorized_keys
[oracle@node150 ~]# ssh node150 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[oracle@node150 ~]# ssh node151 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[oracle@node150 ~]# ssh node150 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[oracle@node150 ~]# ssh node151 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[oracle@node150 ~]# scp authorized_keys node151:/home/oracle/.ssh/

分别在每个节点上执行检验操作:
[oracle@node150 ~]# ssh node150 date
[oracle@node150 ~]# ssh node151 date
[oracle@node150 ~]# ssh-agent $SHELL
[oracle@node150 ~]# ssh-add

7.把相关文件从primary传递至standby

监听文件：listener.ora、tnsnames.ora --$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin(在之前已经传过去了)
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
scp listener.ora tnsnames.ora oracle@node151:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/

参数文件：initorcl.ora --$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
scp initorcl.ora oracle@node151:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/

密码文件：orapworcl --$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
scp orapworcl oracle@node151:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/

standby控制文件：control01.ctl --$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/orcl
cd /u01/app/oracle/
node151:
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl
node150:
scp control01.ctl oracle@node151:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
scp control01.ctl oracle@node151:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl

在node151上创建日志目录：
日志目录（或直接创建文件夹）：
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/adump

备份文件：/u01/backup/* --/u01/backup/
node151:
mkdir -p /u01/backup/
chown oracle.oinstall /u01/backup/
node150:
scp /u01/backup/* oracle@node151:/u01/backup/

8.到standby数据库上修改standby参数文件
vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=314572800
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=12582912
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=314572800
orcl.__sga_target=465567744
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=121634816
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.db_unique_name='orcldg'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.fal_client='orcldg'
*.fal_server='orcl‘
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,orcldg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcldg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=550502400
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

9.在standby服务器，启动至mount，然后rman恢复
[oracle@node151 2021_03_08]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Mar 8 16:28:05 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 551165952 bytes
Fixed Size 2255112 bytes
Variable Size 385877752 bytes
Database Buffers 155189248 bytes
Redo Buffers 7843840 bytes
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL> exit

[oracle@node151 dbs]$ rman target /
[oracle@node151 2021_03_08]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Mar 8 16:27:23 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1594426384)

RMAN> catalog start with '/u01/backup/';
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 08-MAR-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=14 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 2 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 08-MAR-21

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 08-MAR-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 2 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 08-MAR-21

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged

searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/backup/

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1
File Name: /u01/backup/full_04pcdkvl_1_1
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes

cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1
File Name: /u01/backup/full_04pcdkvl_1_1

RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 08-MAR-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1 tag=TAG20140702T202533
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 08-MAR-21

此时standby的/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/archivelog/会出现归档。
可以在primary进行alter system switch logfile测试，归档必须同时出现在两端，这点很重要，不然standby无法进行恢复。

10.在standby数据库上进行standby日志的应用：
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

11.验证
观察primary与standby的/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/archivelog/
primary:alter system switch logfile;
SELECT STATUS,DESTINATION, ERROR FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST;
select sequence#,status from v$archived_log;--主备一致

14.standby可以选择是否启动read only with apply
开启active dataguard(ADG)功能：
如果启动可以在standby库进行查询，同时从primary日志恢复（此为11g特性，10g如果read only打开standby库，不可以同时恢复）
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY
到这里可以算是完成了，可以正常登录主库、备库进行数据查询。

15.此时会发现一个现象，v$logfile中的文件可以查询得到，但是文件并不存在，这种情况可以忽略，主备互转的时候会自动创建。
SQL> col member for a30
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log NO
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log NO
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log NO
4 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log NO
5 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log NO
6 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log NO
7 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log NO
7 rows selected.
如果这时查看Standby数据库的切换状态为NOT ALLOWED,没有关系，做两次主从切换就会变成正常了
SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
NOT ALLOWED

做了两次主从切换后：
主库：
SQL> SELECT DATABASE_ROLE FROM V$DATABASE;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PRIMARY

从库：
SQL> SELECT DATABASE_ROLE FROM V$DATABASE;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY

测试数据同步情况：
主库：
SQL> select * from rsc;
ID
----------
1
2
3
4
5
SQL> insert into rsc values(6);
1 row created.

SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

从库：
SQL> select * from rsc;
ID
----------
1
2
3
4
5
SQL> select * from rsc;
ID
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
6 rows selected.
主从数据同步正常：