MySQL 8.1.0二进制包安装配置详解
官方多平台下载地址
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
Linux Generic(通用版)最新版64位下载地址 [8.1.0]
https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.1/mysql-8.1.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
安装实践
环境
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[root@node250 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
下载
[root@node250 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.1/mysql-8.1.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
移除旧的mariadb客户端：
[root@node250 mysql]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 --nodeps
创建mysql用户名与用户组
[root@sea_bj_master src]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -c 'mysql application run user' mysql
解压MySQL压缩包，并将解压包移动至/usr/local目录下
[root@sea_bj_master src]#tar -xvJf mysql-8.1.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@node250 ~]# ll
总用量 437876
-rw-------. 1 root root 1571 4月 23 2020 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 7月 26 10:56 mysql-8.1.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 448377800 7月 26 10:34 mysql-8.1.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@node250 ~]# mv mysql-8.1.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql-8.1.0/
创建软连接， 方便今后升级本体程序不影响配置文件
[root@node250 local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-8.1.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql -v
"/usr/local/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql-8.1.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64"
创建MySQL数据导入/导出数据专放目录文件夹， 修改权限
[root@node250 mysql]# mkdir -v /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files"
创建数据文件夹
[root@node250 mysql]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data -v
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/usr/local/mysql/data"
修改MySQL目录所有者和所有组
修改 MySQL 数据目录与 数据导入/导出专放目录的所属用户与所属组
[root@node250 mysql]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql-8.1.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64/ -R
重命名不使用系统自带 MySQL 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf [ debian类系统在 /etc/mysql/my.cnf ]
[root@node250 mysql]# mv /etc/my.cnf{,.old} -v
"/etc/my.cnf" -> "/etc/my.cnf.old"
创建MySQL配置文件my.cnf, 指定数据目录
[root@node250 mysql]# cat /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
user=mysql
bind_address=0.0.0.0
character_set_server=utf8mb4
skip_name_resolve = 1
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 1000
lower_case_table_names=1
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log-error.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
创建软连接：
[root@node250 mysql]# ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
初始化:指定my.cnf文件位置:
[root@node250 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --lower-case-table-names=1 --initialize
2023-07-26T03:25:28.254819Z 0 [System] [MY-015017] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - start.
2023-07-26T03:25:28.258266Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2023-07-26T03:25:28.258622Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.1.0) initializing of server in progress as process 6266
2023-07-26T03:25:28.287308Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-07-26T03:25:29.891997Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-07-26T03:25:35.513718Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Fs;kCoh,s1ei
2023-07-26T03:25:40.665052Z 0 [System] [MY-015018] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - end.
注意：下面是系统初始化时的临时密码：
root@localhost: Fs;kCoh,s1ei
配置环境变量：
vim /etc/profile
在文件末尾添加以下行：
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
执行以下命令使环境变量生效：
source /etc/profile
通过脚本启动：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
创建启动脚本[systemd]
[root@node250 mysql]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
#
# Simple MySQL systemd service file
#
# systemd supports lots of fancy features, look here (and linked docs) for a full list:
# http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html
#
# Note: this file ( /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service )
# will be overwritten on package upgrade, please copy the file to
#
# /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service
#
# to make needed changes.
#
# systemd-delta can be used to check differences between the two mysql.service files.
#
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Community Server
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=mysqld.service
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
# Execute pre and post scripts as root
PermissionsStartOnly=true
# Needed to create system tables etc.
#ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysql-systemd-start pre
# Start main service
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
# Don't signal startup success before a ping works
#ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/mysql-systemd-start post
# Give up if ping don't get an answer
TimeoutSec=600
Restart=always
PrivateTmp=false
systemd加载启动配置文件
[root@node250 mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload
启动MySQL服务
[root@node250 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@node250 mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Community Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 三 2023-07-26 11:35:03 CST; 13min ago
Main PID: 6363 (mysqld_safe)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
├─6363 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
└─6574 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mys...
7月 26 11:35:03 node250 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.
7月 26 11:35:03 node250 mysqld_safe[6363]: 2023-07-26T03:35:03.825773Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local...og'.
7月 26 11:35:03 node250 mysqld_safe[6363]: 2023-07-26T03:35:03.911201Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon...data
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
连接MySQL服务并修改初始密码
[root@node250 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Fs;kCoh,s1ei'
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Rscpass123.';
查看版本信息：
mysql>
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 8.1.0 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Connection id: 9
Current database:
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.1.0
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8mb4
Db characterset: utf8mb4
Client characterset: utf8mb4
Conn. characterset: utf8mb4
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Binary data as: Hexadecimal
Uptime: 1 min 42 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 9 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 527 Flush tables: 3 Open tables: 36 Queries per second avg: 0.088
--------------
