LVS+keepalived搭建负载均衡总结上次做了LVS+keepalived的负载均衡，效果还不错，但是没有做主备，这次补上：
安装环境：环境centos4.4
一共准备四台机器：
负载均衡机器：
主：192.168.2.158 #安装lvs+keepalived
备：192.168.2.159 #安装lvs+keepalived
VIP:192.168.2.188
real-server1：192.168.2.187 #仅执行脚本
real-server2：192.168.2.189 #仅执行脚本
安装过程：
在192.168.2.159上安装ipvsadm和keepalived，方法不再赘述，主要看keepalived的配置：
! Configuration File forkeepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
admin@xx.com #邮件地址，需要本机开启SMTP服务
}
notification_email_from root@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL2 #负载均衡器标示：同一局域网内，应该是唯一的。
}
vrrp_sync_group VGM {
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP #设置为BACKUP，通过priority控制那台提升为主。
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 70
advert_int 5
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.2.188
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.2.188 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.2.187 80 {
weight 3
TCP_CHECK {
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.2.189 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
}
}
}
红色标记为需要修改的地方。
执行/etc/init.d/keepalived start
附上备机keepalived的启动日志：
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived:Starting Keepalived v1.1.17 (10/22,2009)
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Using MII-BMSR NIC pollingthread...
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP192.168.2.187 added
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlinkreflector
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlinkcommand channel
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 keepalived: keepalived startup succeeded
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Opening file'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Configuration is using : 10675Bytes
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Activating healtchecker forservice [192.168.2.187:80]
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Activating healtchecker forservice [192.168.2.189:80]
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=5387
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: Using MII-BMSR NIC polling thread...
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP192.168.2.187 added
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, pid=5389
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink commandchannel
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: Registering gratutious ARP sharedchannel
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: Opening file'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 37155 Bytes
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1)Entering BACKUP STATE
Oct 22 23:40:35 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2),proto(112), fd(10,11)]
当停掉主负载均衡时，备机负载均衡的接管日志：
Oct 22 23:42:18 test1Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition toMASTER STATE
Oct 22 23:42:18 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Group(VGB)Syncing instances to MASTER state
Oct 22 23:42:23 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Oct 22 23:42:23 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocolVIPs.
Oct 22 23:42:23 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitousARPs on eth0 for 192.168.2.188
Oct 22 23:42:23 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP192.168.2.188 added
Oct 22 23:42:23 test1 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP192.168.2.188 added
Oct 22 23:42:28 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitousARPs on eth0 for 192.168.2.188
当重启主负载均衡时,备机负载均衡的日志：
Oct 22 23:43:18 test1Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
Oct 22 23:43:18 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1)Entering BACKUP STATE
Oct 22 23:43:18 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocolVIPs.
Oct 22 23:43:18 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Group(VGB) Syncing instances toBACKUP state
Oct 22 23:43:18 test1 Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP192.168.2.188 removed
Oct 22 23:43:18 test1 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlinkreflector reports IP 192.168.2.188 removed
以上就完成双机热备的Lvs+keepalived的负载均衡。
relserver上需要执行的脚本：
[root@test1 ~]# more/usr/local/bin/lvs_real
#!/bin/sh
VIP=192.168.2.188 （直接路由模式的vip必须跟服务器对外提供服务的ip地址在同一个网段）
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
case "$1" in
start)
echo " start tunl port"
ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP up
（如果有多VIP，依次往下写）
echo "2">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
;;
stop)
echo " stop tunl port"
ifconfig lo:0 down
echo "0">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "0">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
总结：只需在负载均衡机器上安装ipvsadm和keepalived，并执行keepalived启动。在realserver机器上仅需开启本地回环地址（脚本）即可，不用安装任何软件。
经验：千万不要将负载均衡机器和web服务器搭建在一起，虽然端口等都不冲突，但是会出现莫名其妙的问题..
1.realserver上未执行此脚本时：
[root@linux keepalived]# ifconfig lo:0
lo:0 Link encap:Local Loopback
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
2.real server上执行此脚本后：
[root@linuxkeepalived]# /usr/local/bin/lvs_real start
start tunl port
[root@YuHao-linux keepalived]# ifconfig lo:0
lo:0 Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:192.168.2.188 Mask:255.255.255.255
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
所以：
keepalive机器上不用执行此脚本，因为在keepalived.conf中已经定义了vip地址，
而real server机器上必须执行此脚本。将虚拟IP绑定在本机回环网卡上。
这里还需注意一下MAC地址的问题（netseek）：
假如两台VS之间使用的互备关系，那么当一台VS接管LVS服务时，可能会网络不通，这时因为路由器的MAC缓存表里无法及时刷新MAC.关于vip这个地址的MAC地址还是替换的VS的MAC，有两种解决方法，一种是修改新VS的MAC地
址，另一种是使用 send_arp /arpiing 命令.
以arping 命令为例.
/sbin/arping -I eth0 -c 3 -s ${vip}${gateway_ip} > /dev/null 2>&1
Eg:
/sbin/arping -I eth0 -c 3 -s 192.168.1.6192.168.1.1
如果采用Piranha/keealived方案切换的时候会内置自动发送 send_arp命令.UltraMonkey方案经测试也会自动发送此命令.如用 heartbeat方案,需要写一个send_arp 或者arping 相关的脚本当作heartbeat 一个资源切换服务的时候自动发送相关命令脚本.
附上一篇lvs+keeplived配置地址：
http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-1077-1-1.html
