CREATE CONTROLFILE

Purpose

The CREATE CONTROLFILE statement should be used in only a few cases. Use this statement to re-create a control file if all control files being used by the database are lost and no backup control file exists. You can also use this statement to change the maximum number of redo log file groups, redo log file members, archived redo log files, data files, or instances that can concurrently have the database mounted and open.

To change the name of the database, Oracle recommends that you use the DBNEWID utility rather than the CREATE CONTROLFILE statement. DBNEWID is preferable because no OPEN RESETLOGS operation is required after changing the database name.

Prerequisites

To create a control file, you must have the SYSDBA system privilege.

The database must not be mounted by any instance. After successfully creating the control file, Oracle mounts the database in the mode specified by the CLUSTER_DATABASE parameter. The DBA must then perform media recovery before opening the database. If you are using the database with Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC), then you must then shut down and remount the database in SHARED mode (by setting the value of the CLUSTER_DATABASE initialization parameter to TRUE) before other instances can start up.

Syntax

create_controlfile::=

(storage_clause::=)

logfile_clause::=

(file_specification::=)

character_set_clause::=

Semantics

When you issue a CREATE CONTROLFILE statement, Oracle Database creates a new control file based on the information you specify in the statement. The control file resides in the location specified in the CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter. If that parameter does not have a value, then the database creates an Oracle-managed control file in the default control file destination, which is one of the following (in order of precedence):

1. One or more control files as specified in the DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n initialization parameter. The file in the first directory is the primary control file. When DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n is specified, the database does not create a control file in DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST or in DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST (the fast recovery area).

2. If no value is specified for DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n, but values are set for both the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST and DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST, then the database creates one control file in each location. The location specified in DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST is the primary control file.

3. If a value is specified only for DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST, then the database creates one control file in that location.

4. If a value is specified only for DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST, then the database creates one control file in that location.

If no values are set for any of these parameters, then the database creates a control file in the default location for the operating system on which the database is running. This control file is not an Oracle-managed file.

If you omit any clauses, then Oracle Database uses the default values rather than the values for the previous control file. After successfully creating the control file, Oracle Database mounts the database in the mode specified by the initialization parameter CLUSTER_DATABASE. If that parameter is not set, then the default value is FALSE, and the database is mounted in EXCLUSIVE mode. Oracle recommends that you then shut down the instance and take a full backup of all files in the database.

REUSE

Specify REUSE to indicate that existing control files identified by the initialization parameter CONTROL_FILES can be reused, overwriting any information they may currently contain. If you omit this clause and any of these control files already exists, then Oracle Database returns an error.

DATABASE Clause

Specify the name of the database. The value of this parameter must be the existing database name established by the previous CREATE DATABASE statement or CREATE CONTROLFILE statement.

SET DATABASE Clause

Use SET DATABASE to change the name of the database. The name of a database can be as long as eight bytes.

When you specify this clause, you must also specify RESETLOGS. If you want to rename the database and retain your existing log files, then after issuing this CREATE CONTROLFILE statement you must complete a full database recovery using an ALTER DATABASE RECOVER USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE statement.

logfile_clause

Use the logfile_clause to specify the redo log files for your database. You must list all members of all redo log file groups.

Use the redo_log_file_spec form of file_specification (see file_specification) to list regular redo log files in an operating system file system or to list Oracle ASM disk group redo log files. When using a form of ASM_filename, you cannot specify the autoextend_clause of the redo_log_file_spec.

If you specify RESETLOGS in this clause, then you must use one of the file creation forms of ASM_filename. If you specify NORESETLOGS, then you must specify one of the reference forms of ASM_filename.

GROUP integer Specify the logfile group number. If you specify GROUP values, then Oracle Database verifies these values with the GROUP values when the database was last open.

If you omit this clause, then the database creates logfiles using system default values. In addition, if either the DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n or DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter has been set, and if you have specified RESETLOGS, then the database creates two logs in the default logfile destination specified in the DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n parameter, and if it is not set, then in the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST parameter.

RESETLOGS  Specify RESETLOGS if you want Oracle Database to ignore the contents of the files listed in the LOGFILE clause. These files do not have to exist. You must specify this clause if you have specified the SET DATABASE clause.

Each redo_log_file_spec in the LOGFILE clause must specify the SIZE parameter. The database assigns all online redo log file groups to thread 1 and enables this thread for public use by any instance. After using this clause, you must open the database using the RESETLOGS clause of the ALTER DATABASE statement.

NORESETLOGS  Specify NORESETLOGS if you want Oracle Database to use all files in the LOGFILE clause as they were when the database was last open. These files must exist and must be the current online redo log files rather than restored backups. The database reassigns the redo log file groups to the threads to which they were previously assigned and reenables the threads as they were previously enabled.

You cannot specify RESETLOGS if you have specified the SET DATABASE clause to change the name of the database. Refer to "SET DATABASE Clause" for more information.

DATAFILE Clause

Specify the data files of the database. You must list all data files. These files must all exist, although they may be restored backups that require media recovery.

Do not include in the DATAFILE clause any data files in read-only tablespaces. You can add these types of files to the database later. Also, do not include in this clause any temporary data files (temp files).

Use the datafile_tempfile_spec form of file_specification (see file_specification) to list regular data files and temp files in an operating system file system or to list Oracle ASM disk group files. When using a form of ASM_filename, you must use one of the reference forms of ASM_filename. Refer to ASM_filename for information on the different forms of syntax.

Restriction on DATAFILE You cannot specify the autoextend_clause of file_specification in this DATAFILE clause.

MAXLOGFILES Clause

Specify the maximum number of online redo log file groups that can ever be created for the database. Oracle Database uses this value to determine how much space to allocate in the control file for the names of redo log files. The default and maximum values depend on your operating system. The value that you specify should not be less than the greatest GROUP value for any redo log file group.

MAXLOGMEMBERS Clause

Specify the maximum number of members, or identical copies, for a redo log file group. Oracle Database uses this value to determine how much space to allocate in the control file for the names of redo log files. The minimum value is 1. The maximum and default values depend on your operating system.

MAXLOGHISTORY Clause

This parameter is useful only if you are using Oracle Database in ARCHIVELOG mode. Specify your current estimate of the maximum number of archived redo log file groups needed for automatic media recovery of the database. The database uses this value to determine how much space to allocate in the control file for the names of archived redo log files.

The minimum value is 0. The default value is a multiple of the MAXINSTANCES value and depends on your operating system. The maximum value is limited only by the maximum size of the control file. The database will continue to add additional space to the appropriate section of the control file as needed, so that you do not need to re-create the control file if your your original configuration is no longer adequate. As a result, the actual value of this parameter can eventually exceed the value you specify.

MAXDATAFILES Clause

Specify the initial sizing of the data files section of the control file at CREATE DATABASE or CREATE CONTROLFILE time. An attempt to add a file whose number is greater than MAXDATAFILES, but less than or equal to DB_FILES, causes the control file to expand automatically so that the data files section can accommodate more files.

The number of data files accessible to your instance is also limited by the initialization parameter DB_FILES.

MAXINSTANCES Clause

Specify the maximum number of instances that can simultaneously have the database mounted and open. This value takes precedence over the value of the initialization parameter INSTANCES. The minimum value is 1. The maximum and default values depend on your operating system.

ARCHIVELOG | NOARCHIVELOG

Specify ARCHIVELOG to archive the contents of redo log files before reusing them. This clause prepares for the possibility of media recovery as well as instance or system failure recovery.

If you omit both the ARCHIVELOG clause and NOARCHIVELOG clause, then Oracle Database chooses NOARCHIVELOG mode by default. After creating the control file, you can change between ARCHIVELOG mode and NOARCHIVELOG mode with the ALTER DATABASE statement.

FORCE LOGGING

Use this clause to put the database into FORCE LOGGING mode after control file creation. When the database is in this mode, Oracle Database logs all changes in the database except changes to temporary tablespaces and temporary segments. This setting takes precedence over and is independent of any NOLOGGING or FORCE LOGGING settings you specify for individual tablespaces and any NOLOGGING settings you specify for individual database objects. If you omit this clause, then the database will not be in FORCE LOGGING mode after the control file is created.

character_set_clause

If you specify a character set, then Oracle Database reconstructs character set information in the control file. If media recovery of the database is subsequently required, then this information will be available before the database is open, so that tablespace names can be correctly interpreted during recovery. This clause is required only if you are using a character set other than the default, which depends on your operating system. Oracle Database prints the current database character set to the alert log in $ORACLE_HOME/log during startup.

If you are re-creating your control file and you are using Recovery Manager for tablespace recovery, and if you specify a different character set from the one stored in the data dictionary, then tablespace recovery will not succeed. However, at database open, the control file character set will be updated with the correct character set from the data dictionary.

You cannot modify the character set of the database with this clause.

Example

Creating a Controlfile: Example This statement re-creates a control file. In this statement, database demo was created with the WE8DEC character set. The example uses the word path where you would normally insert the path on your system to the appropriate Oracle Database directories.

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "demo" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 32
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
    MAXDATAFILES 32
    MAXINSTANCES 1
    MAXLOGHISTORY 449
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/path/oracle/dbs/t_log1.f'  SIZE 500K,
  GROUP 2 '/path/oracle/dbs/t_log2.f'  SIZE 500K
# STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '/path/oracle/dbs/t_db1.f',
  '/path/oracle/dbs/dbu19i.dbf',
  '/path/oracle/dbs/tbs_11.f',
  '/path/oracle/dbs/smundo.dbf',
  '/path/oracle/dbs/demo.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8DEC
;